穩(wen)壓(ya)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)聽名字就(jiu)能想到(dao)它(ta)是二(er)極(ji)管(guan)集合里邊(bian)的(de)(de)一部分，沒錯他(ta)正是二(er)極(ji)管(guan)里邊(bian)的(de)(de)不可(ke)割(ge)舍(she)的(de)(de)一部分，讓我(wo)們(men)撥開它(ta)的(de)(de)真(zhen)面目看他(ta)與普通二(er)極(ji)管(guan)到(dao)底(di)有(you)什么聯(lian)系(xi)和(he)區別。

　　一(yi)、——伏安特性(xing)
　　穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)利用反向(xiang)擊(ji)多(duo)區(qu)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)特(te)性(xing)進(jin)行工(gong)作的(de)，因此，穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中要與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)反向(xiang)連接。穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)反向(xiang)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)稱為穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，不同類型穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也不一(yi)樣，某(mou)一(yi)型號(hao)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)固定在口(kou)定范圍。例(li)如：2CW11的(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)是(shi)3.2伏(fu)到4.5伏(fu)，其中某(mou)一(yi)只管(guan)(guan)(guan)子的(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)可能是(shi)3.5伏(fu)，另(ling)一(yi)只管(guan)(guan)(guan)子則可能是(shi)4，2伏(fu)。
　　二、——穩(wen)壓原理
　　什么是(shi)(shi)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)?穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(又叫齊(qi)納二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan))它的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路符號如上，穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)于穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)單PN結二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)。此二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)直到(dao)臨(lin)界反(fan)向擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)前都具有很(hen)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)半導體器(qi)件(jian)。在這臨(lin)界擊穿(chuan)點上，反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)降低到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個很(hen)少的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)，在這個低阻(zu)區中電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)加而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)則保持恒(heng)定(ding)，穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)根據擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來分(fen)檔的(de)(de)(de)，因這種(zhong)特性，穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)主要被作為穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)基準元件(jian)使用(yong)。從而(er)工程(cheng)師(shi)們制造(zao)了更多種(zhong)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，以供市場需求。
　　在(zai)實際應用中(zhong)，如果選擇(ze)不到(dao)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)符合需要的(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，可(ke)以選用穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)較低的(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，然后串聯幾只硅(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)“枕墊”，把穩(wen)定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)提高(gao)到(dao)所需值(zhi)。這是利(li)用硅(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向壓(ya)(ya)降為0.6～0.7伏的(de)特點來進行穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)。但(dan)是這種二(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)在(zai)電路中(zhong)必(bi)須正(zheng)(zheng)向連接，這是與穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)使用時(shi)的(de)區別的(de)。穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向導通電壓(ya)(ya)由制造(zao)時(shi)的(de)材(cai)料決定(ding)，鍺管(guan)(guan)0.3V，硅(gui)管(guan)(guan)0.7V，